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Protect and Survive
''Protect and Survive'' is a public information series on civil defence produced by the British government during the late 1970s and early 1980s. It is intended to inform British citizens on how to protect themselves during a nuclear attack, and consists of a mixture of pamphlets, radio broadcasts, and public information films. The series had originally been intended for distribution only in the event of dire national emergency, but provoked such intense public interest that the pamphlets were authorised for general release.
==Origins==
''Protect and Survive'' had its origins in civil defence leaflets dating back to 1938, titled ''The Protection of Your Home Against Air Raids''. These advised the homeowner on what to do in the event of air attack. This evolved as the nature of warfare and geopolitics changed, with the pamphlets concurrently updated into ''(Advising the Householder on Protection against Nuclear Attack )'' in 1963.〔https://web.archive.org/web/20140514204059/http://www.mgr.org/libro.pdf〕 This document, of which 500,000 copies were made, garnered considerable public and government criticism when it was first released, for its lack of presenting much explanation, or conveying the reasoning behind the advice that was given, the Estimates Committee were similarly bemused by the advice, calling for its withdrawal and civil defence personnel were thus summoned to House of Commons meetings in which they responded to all the points of criticism that were raised.〔https://web.archive.org/web/20140514202739/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1963/dec/02/civil-defence-handbook-no-10〕 The 1963 pamphlet was then accompanied by a series of public information films produced in 1964, called ''Civil Defence Information Bulletins''. These films were intended to be broadcast in a state of emergency. Pamphlets similar to those prepared in 1963 briefly appeared in Peter Watkins' controversial 1965 BBC docudrama ''The War Game'', in a scene where they were distributed to people's homes. The 1964 Bulletins were not depicted in this controversial film.
The fallout radiation advice in ''Protect and Survive'' was based on 1960s fallout shelter experiments summarized by Daniel T. Jones of the Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch in his report, ''The Protection Against Fallout Radiation Afforded by Core Shelters in a Typical British House'' which was published in ''Protective Structures for Civilian Populations'', Proceedings of the Symposium held at Washington, D.C., April 19–23, 1965, by the Subcommittee on Protective Structures, Advisory Committee on Civil Defense, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council.〔 The fallout radiation was represented by measurements of the penetration of cobalt-60 gamma radiation, which has a high mean energy of 1.25 MeV (two gamma rays, 1.17 and 1.33 MeV). This is considerably more penetrating than the mean 0.7 MeV of fallout gamma rays.〔 Therefore, the actual protection given against real nuclear weapon fallout would be far greater than that afforded in the peacetime cobalt-60 shielding measurements.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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